Countries With the Most New HIV Infections 2025

What this chart shows. The 25 countries with the most new HIV infections in 2025, in thousands, among the countries with a published UNAIDS estimate. South Africa had 130,000 new infections, Mozambique 77,000 and Brazil 69,000. Countries with no 2025 estimate, including the United States, China, Russia, Ukraine, Côte d'Ivoire, Iran, Iraq, Türkiye, Japan, South Korea, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Poland and Canada, are absent.

How the data is collected. New infections cannot be counted directly, because many people learn their status long after they were infected. UNAIDS therefore estimates them with the Spectrum model, which works backwards from survey prevalence, diagnoses, deaths and the number of people on treatment. The worldwide figure for 2025 is 1.2 million, with a range of 0.9 million to 1.7 million.

Background. New infections worldwide fell 42.9% between 2010 and 2025, from 2.1 million, and 7.7% in the last year alone. Among these 25 countries they rose in Brazil, Pakistan, Philippines, Madagascar, Mexico and Republic of the Congo. The Philippines went from 4,600 to 34,000 and Madagascar from 4,600 to 26,000, while Kenya cut its count by 81.8%.

Limits. Estimates are rounded, so the Philippines, Uganda and Tanzania share the same figure of 34,000. Uncertainty is wide in some countries: India's 60,000 has a range of 29,000 to 110,000, and the dataset has no 2010 value for India. The count is of infections in people of all ages, including children infected at birth or through breastfeeding.