Countries With the Most Carbon-Intensive Electricity 2023

About This Dataset

Carbon intensity of electricity generation in 2023, in grams of CO2 per kilowatt-hour, ranked from highest. A higher number means a more fossil-heavy grid. Covers countries that generated at least 10 TWh of electricity in the year, so very small island grids do not dominate the ranking.

✨ AI Insight

Turkmenistan had the most carbon-intensive electricity in the world in 2023 at 1306 gCO2/kWh, ahead of Uzbekistan at 1113 g. The top of this list is gas-heavy Central Asian and Gulf grids; the countries that matter most for global emissions sit slightly lower, with India at 714 g on a grid of about 1,900 TWh. Every country listed is above 640 g, roughly 28 times the cleanest grids measured in the same year.

Source: Ember - Yearly Electricity Data

Key Findings

Auto-computed highlights from this dataset

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Turkmenistan leads with 1,306 in 2023.

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Average value in 2023: 791 · median: 705.

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Gap in 2023: Turkmenistan is 2× larger than Puerto Rico.