Nuclear Warhead Stockpiles by Country, 1945-2026

How many nuclear warheads each country has held, every year from 1945 to 2026. The United States was the world's only nuclear power for four years, until the Soviet Union's first test in 1949. The Soviet stockpile overtook the American one in 1978 and peaked at 40,159 warheads in 1986; the American peak was 31,255, reached nineteen years earlier in 1967. Together the two arsenals fell by roughly 80% after the Cold War ended. Figures are military stockpiles — warheads assigned to operational forces — and exclude retired warheads queued for dismantlement. South Africa appears because it is the only country in history to build nuclear weapons and then give them up, dismantling its six devices by 1991.

Nuclear warheads · 1945–2026 · Source: Federation of American Scientists, via Our World in Data

About this chart race

The United States runs alone from 1945 to 1949 and holds first place for thirty-three years, peaking at 31,255 warheads in 1967. The Soviet Union starts from zero in 1949, passes the United States in 1978, and keeps climbing to 40,159 in 1986 — the largest arsenal any country has ever held. Then both collapse, and as they draw down the lead changes hands four more times: the United States moves back ahead in 2002, Russia in 2007, the United States again in 2011, and Russia from 2016 to today. By 2026 the two are down to 4,400 and 3,700, roughly 89% below their peaks, yet they still hold 83% of the world's warheads between them. The rest of the chart barely moves for fifty years, with one exception — China, which has gone from 350 warheads in 2020 to 620 in 2026.

This animated ranking shows how nuclear warheads changed across 10 series between 1945 and 2026. The bars re-order themselves as the years advance, so overtakes are visible as they happen rather than hidden inside a table. Use the list on the left to choose exactly who competes, drag the slider to jump to any year, or open the table view to read the underlying numbers.

As of 2026, Russia leads with 4,400.

Included in this race

Russia, United States, China, France, United Kingdom, India, Pakistan, Israel, North Korea, South Africa.

Source

Data from Federation of American Scientists, via Our World in Data. Every figure shown comes from this source — nothing is estimated or generated.

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