Countries by National Debt to GDP Ratio 2025
Source:
Wikipedia
Key Findings
🏆
Japan leads in Government Debt (% of GDP) with 252 in 2025.
📊
Average Government Debt (% of GDP) in 2025: 138 · median: 118.
↔️
Gap in 2025: Japan is 2.7× larger than Brazil.
About This Dataset
Countries by National Debt to GDP Ratio 2025
Countries ranked by gross government debt as a percentage of GDP in 2025, according to IMF World Economic Outlook Fiscal Monitor database. Japan carries the highest national debt to GDP ratio of any major economy — exceeding 250% of GDP in 2025, a level that has prompted decades of predictions of fiscal crisis that have not materialised due to the unique structure of Japanese government debt, which is almost entirely held domestically by Japanese banks, insurance companies, and the Bank of Japan itself. This domestic ownership insulates Japan from the currency and refinancing crises that have afflicted other highly indebted nations, though it concentrates sovereign risk within the domestic financial system and constrains the Bank of Japan's ability to normalise interest rates without dramatically increasing debt servicing costs.
Analysis
The top three in Government Debt (% of GDP) in 2025 are Japan (252), Greece (168) and Italy (145). The 8 entries cover a range of 160, from 252 down to 92. Most of that gap is between first and second alone (84 of 160); the other 7 are separated by just 76. The other 6 are bunched between 92 and 145.
Data Insights
Numbers, trends & sources behind this chart
Methodology & source
- Data source
- Wikipedia
- Coverage
- 8 entities · 2025 · 8 observations
- Measure
- Government Debt (% of GDP)
- Last updated
- 6 September 2026
- Compiled by
- The ANYSTAT team, from the source above
How the figures are calculated
- Values use the measure and unit named on this page. Consult the dataset description and cited source for coverage, definitions and any unit conversions. Displayed values may be rounded for readability.
- Entities are ranked highest-first on their value in 2025.
Data Sources & References
All external sources cited in this dataset
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Each country's page lists its position in every ranking on ANYSTAT.
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