Countries ranked by gross government debt as a percentage of GDP in 2025, according to IMF World Economic Outlook Fiscal Monitor database. Japan carries the highest national debt to GDP ratio of any major economy — exceeding 250% of GDP in...
About: Countries by National Debt to GDP Ratio 2025
Overview of the data behind this chart
Countries ranked by gross government debt as a percentage of GDP in 2025, according to IMF World Economic Outlook Fiscal Monitor database. Japan carries the highest national debt to GDP ratio of any major economy — exceeding 250% of GDP in 2025, a level that has prompted decades of predictions of fiscal crisis that have not materialised due to the unique structure of Japanese government debt, which is almost entirely held domestically by Japanese banks, insurance companies, and the Bank of Japan itself. This domestic ownership insulates Japan from the currency and refinancing crises that have afflicted other highly indebted nations, though it concentrates sovereign risk within the domestic financial system and constrains the Bank of Japan's ability to normalise interest rates without dramatically increasing debt servicing costs.
Key Findings
Auto-computed highlights from this dataset
🏆
Japan leads with 252 in 2025.
📊
Average value in 2025: 138 · median: 118.
↔️
Gap in 2025: Japan is 2.7× larger than Brazil.
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Countries by National Debt to GDP Ratio 2025
Data Insights
Numbers, trends & sources behind this chart⬡
Data Points
8
8 categories
·
1 year
↑
Top Value
252
Japan
Government Debt (% of GDP) · 2025
◈
Metrics
1
Government Debt (% of GDP)
◷
Period
2025
Single year snapshot
Category Rankings
Ranked by 2025 value · vs. 2025| # | Category | 2025 | 2025 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🥇 | Japan | 252 | 252 | +0% |
| 🥈 | Greece | 168 | 168 | +0% |
| 🥉 | Italy | 145 | 145 | +0% |
| 4 | United States | 124 | 124 | +0% |
| 5 | France | 112 | 112 | +0% |
| 6 | Spain | 108 | 108 | +0% |
| 7 | Belgium | 106 | 106 | +0% |
| 8 | Brazil | 92 | 92 | +0% |
Statistical Summary — 2025
252
Maximum
92
Minimum
138
Average
118
Median
What This Data Shows
Auto-generated trend summaries per category
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Full Data Table
8 records across 1 yearData Sources & References
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